In this post, learn why wilting happens, how to know if your plant actually needs water, and how to avoid overwatering. Understanding the science behind plant stress in heat will help you water wisely and keep your garden thriving, even during extreme temperatures.

What We’ll Cover

• What causes plants to wilt in summer heat
• How to know if your plant needs water
• My summer routine in the low desert
• Signs of drought stress vs. heat stress
• Practical tips for watering in hot climates
• Understanding transpiration
• What if plants don’t recover?
• FAQ about wilting plants in hot weather
• More watering resources

Why Plants Wilt in the Heat

Wilting is a natural survival response to intense heat. When temperatures rise, plants lose water through a process called transpiration, where moisture moves from the roots to the leaves and evaporates into the air.

To slow this water loss, plants close their stomata, the tiny openings on the underside of leaves. As the stomata close, the plant stops losing water but also stops taking in carbon dioxide, which slows photosynthesis. The result? Leaves droop and wilt.

This midday wilting is often temporary and not a cause for alarm.

If the soil is moist and the plant perks back up by evening or the following morning, wilting was likely caused by heat stress, not a lack of water.

How to Tell If Your Plant Needs Water

Checking the soil is the best way to decide if your plants need water. Don’t rely on appearances alone.

• Stick your finger 2–3 inches into the soil: If it feels dry at that depth, it’s time to water. Use a water meter if desired. This is the one I use.
• Check in the morning or evening: Persistent wilting outside of the hottest part of the day could be a sign of drought stress.
• Avoid watering just because it’s hot: More water is not always better and can lead to root rot or fungus issues.

My Summer Routine in the Low Desert

In the hottest months here in the low desert, I’ve learned to expect a garden full of wilted plants around during the heat of the day. What used to be alarming is now just part of summer gardening.

I walk through the garden in the morning when it’s cooler, checking that each plant is well-watered and protected for the day ahead. Watching them bounce back in the evening is a reassuring reminder that they’re doing what they’re designed to do.

This habit has saved me from overwatering and helps me stay connected to the daily rhythm of the garden. Learn more in Summer Gardening in Arizona.

Drought Stress vs. Heat Stress: What’s the Difference?

Drought Stress

• Wilting in the morning or evening
• Leaves may appear dull, crispy, or curled
• Soil is dry several inches down
• The plant does not perk up at night

Heat Stress / Transpiration

• Wilting occurs midday only
• Leaves recover in the evening
• Soil remains moist
• No long-term damage if consistent watering continues

Best Watering Practices in Hot Weather

Water early in the morning

• Reduces evaporation
• Prepares plants for the heat

Water deeply and less frequently

• Encourages deep root growth
• Avoids shallow surface roots that dry out quickly

Use mulch

• Apply 2–4 inches of organic mulch to hold in moisture and protect roots

Use smart watering systems

• Raised beds: Install watering grids or drip lines
  Best Way to Water Raised Bed Gardens
• Containers: Try ollas for slow, deep watering
  The Best Way to Water Outdoor Potted Plants

Understanding Transpiration and Stomata (A Closer Look)

• Transpiration helps cool plants and move nutrients from roots to leaves.
• In high heat, plants close their stomata to prevent excess moisture loss.
• Closed stomata slow growth and cause drooping, but help the plant survive.

Knowing this process can help you stay calm when you see wilted leaves in the afternoon. Don’t water unless the soil truly needs it.

What If Plants Don’t Recover?

Sometimes, during a heatwave, the stress is just too much. Even well-watered plants may wilt and never bounce back. This isn’t always a sign of underwatering; plants can also suffer from heat stress, especially during long stretches of extreme temperatures.

When the heat becomes intense, plants may:

• Drop blossoms or fruit
• Stop growing entirely
• Show scorched, sunburned leaves
• Permanently wilt despite moist soil

At this point, the damage may be too severe for the plant to recover fully. It’s frustrating, but it’s also a reality of gardening in hot climates.

What to do:
If the plant is truly done, don’t be afraid to remove it and try again when conditions improve. Many summer crops, like squash or beans, can be replanted in late summer for a second harvest window once temperatures start to drop slightly. Giving up on a stressed plant may be better than pouring in resources and water with little reward.

Want more help gardening through extreme heat? See my post: Surviving a Heatwave: Gardening in High Heat

Frequently Asked Questions

More Watering Resources

• How to Water Your Garden
• Water Conservation in Desert Gardening
• How to Water Your Garden with Flood Irrigation

The post When to Water Plants in Hot Weather: What Wilting Means appeared first on Growing In The Garden.

In the record-breaking summer of 2024, Phoenix experienced 113 days with temperatures over 100°F (38°C), with 70 of those days reaching 110°F (43°C) or higher. That kind of heat can quickly overwhelm even a well-established garden.

Gardening in extreme heat isn’t easy, but with the right strategies, your plants can pull through. In this post, I’ll walk you through what to do (and what not to do) during a heatwave. A free printable PDF is also available at the top of this post. Explore the Desert Gardening page for everything you need to grow in hot, dry climates.

What we will cover:

• Why Heatwaves Are So Hard on Plants
• The Best Defense Starts Before the Heat
• What to Do During a Heatwave
• What NOT to Do During a Heatwave
• FAQs about Gardening During a Heatwave
• Summary: What to Do and What Not to Do
• After the Heatwave: Evaluate & Plan Ahead
• Additional high-heat gardening resources:

Why Heatwaves Are So Hard on Plants

When it gets this hot, plants shut down normal functions just to survive. It can be discouraging to walk outside and see everything wilted. Gardening during a heatwave isn’t easy.

Normally, they release water vapor through their leaves to stay cool. This is called transpiration. But in extreme heat, they stop that process to conserve moisture. That means:

• No cooling
• No growing
• No photosynthesis

Most plants start to suffer when leaf temperatures reach 115°F (46°C). Some heat-loving plants can handle it, but many crops, especially cool-season ones, cannot.

An extreme heatwave separates warm-loving crops from those that thrive in heat. Typical warm-season crops like squash, tomatoes, cucumbers, and green beans may struggle during high heat. If the heatwave is temporary, these guidelines may help the warm-season crops survive until temperatures moderate. 

The Best Defense Starts Before the Heat

Just like people prepare for emergencies in advance, your garden needs a strong foundation before the hottest days hit. That includes:

• Planting at the right time so roots are well-established
• Watering deeply to encourage roots to grow down into cooler soil
• Using healthy, well-draining soil
• Choosing heat-tolerant plants
• Placing plants in locations with appropriate sunlight exposure.

Smart Plant Selection for Heatwave Survival: Heat-loving crops include okra, amaranth, sesame, basil, cowpeas, peanuts, roselle hibiscus, and sweet potatoes. Learn more about these heat-loving crops in this blog post. Focus on plants known for heatwave survival.

If you’ve done these things, your garden already has a better chance. But if you haven’t, don’t give up. There are still steps you can take when extreme heat hits.

What to Do During a Heatwave

1. Watering Plants in Extreme Heat

One of the most important tasks during a heatwave is proper watering.

Check the soil each morning. If it’s still hydrated, hold off on watering. If the soil is dry, soak deeply so water reaches the root zone. This helps plants stay hydrated throughout the day and encourages deep root growth

Young trees and shrubs also need deep, slow watering at the drip line where the roots are growing.

Overwatering during heat stress can cause root issues. A wilted plant may not need water, check the soil first!

Learn more about the best way to water raised beds in this blog post. Learn more watering principles in this blog post.

2. Use Mulch to Protect Garden from Heat

Apply a 3 to 4 inch layer of mulch to garden beds before summer heat arrives.
Mulch helps protect your garden by covering the soil surface, reducing evaporation, and keeping the root zone cooler. This helps moisture stay where roots need it and prevents extreme temperature swings that can stress plants.

Mulch is not just for vegetable beds. Trees, shrubs, and native plants also benefit from improved moisture retention and more stable soil temperatures.

Learn more about the best types of mulch for hot climates in this article.

If you would like to learn more about the principles of successful desert gardening, my guide, “Desert Gardening: How to Grow Vegetables in a Hot, Dry Climate,” may be helpful.

3. Provide Shade to Protect Plants from Summer Heat

Shade can make a big difference in how plants handle high temperatures. It lowers leaf temperatures and helps prevent sunburn and heat stress. Even a few hours of protection from the intense afternoon sun can be enough to help plants survive. Young trees especially benefit from extra protection while they are getting established.

You don’t need fancy materials. Use what you have:

• 50% white shade cloth is ideal because it filters sunlight while still allowing plants to grow
• Old sheets, patio umbrellas, or even temporary canopies work in a pinch
• During a heatwave, adding extra shade can help plants pull through

In my garden, I like to plant sunflowers on the west side of raised beds to create natural afternoon shade.

Shade structures don’t have to be permanent. A simple setup using hoops, clips, or repurposed materials can make a difference.

Other Shade Resources:

• Why Add Shade to Your Garden in Summer
• Which Vegetables Need Shade (and Which Thrive in Full Sun)
• How to Create Garden Shade for Heat Protection

4. Support Containers During a Heatwave

• Use ollas or watering spikes to deliver steady moisture
• Group containers together to create a humid microclimate
• Move pots to the north side of walls or into shaded areas

Consider adding ollas to containers to provide a moisture reserve from which the roots can draw. I use the ollas from Growoya

5. Garden Triage: Focus on What Can Survive

Even if you do everything right, it may still not be enough. That is when it helps to look at the bigger picture. Gardening in 110°F weather requires tough decisions.

Think of it like garden triage. You don’t have to save everything. Focus your efforts on:

• Established perennials
• Fruit trees
• Truly heat-tolerant crops like okra, basil, sweet potatoes, and amaranth

After the brutally hot summer of 2020, someone at one of my fall gardening classes asked,
“If you had known how hot this summer would be, what would you have done differently?”

My answer was simple. I would have leaned more into heat-loving cover crops and stressed less about keeping everything alive. That question helped me realize that letting a space rest isn’t a sign of giving up. Sometimes, planting a cover crop and letting that area go for the season is the smartest move.

What NOT to Do During a Heatwave

These are common mistakes that can cause more harm than good during extreme heat.

Don’t prune

Leaves shade stems and fruit. Removing them can expose plants to sunscald, similar to frost damage. Damaged leaves protect the plant from worse injury.

Don’t fertilize

Fertilizer encourages new growth, and that tender new growth is especially vulnerable to heat damage. Wait until temperatures cool and plants begin growing again.

Don’t plant new crops

Seedlings and transplants have very little chance of surviving a heatwave. Delay planting until the weather stabilizes.

Don’t expect perfect harvests

Many plants stop flowering or drop blossoms during extreme heat as a survival response. This is normal. Once it cools down, they will likely begin producing again.

Don’t forget trees and shrubs

Give deep, slow water at the drip line and mulch well. Shade young trees when possible to reduce heat stress as they establish.

FAQs about Gardening During a Heatwave

What is the best time to water during a heatwave?
Early in the morning. This reduces evaporation and helps plants start the day fully hydrated.

Can I mist my plants?
Yes, especially in dry climates. Mist in the late afternoon, but allow time for leaves to dry before dark.

How can I tell if I’m overwatering?
Check the soil 1-2 inches down. If it’s still moist, wait. Wilting does not always mean the soil is dry.

What plants survive heat waves best?
Okra, sweet potatoes, basil, amaranth, roselle hibiscus, and many native or desert-adapted perennials.

Is it too late to help my plants?
If they are still alive, it is not too late. Prioritize shade, water, and mulch.

Why are my plants wilting even though I watered them?
They may be suffering from heat stress, not water stress. If they perk up overnight, it means they are adjusting to the heat. Always check the soil before watering.

Should I cover all my plants with shade cloth?
Not necessarily, but even heat-loving plants benefit from protection during extreme conditions. Afternoon shade is most helpful.

How do I know if I’m overwatering?
Feel the soil an inch or two deep. If it’s moist, do not water. Roots need both water and air. Too much water can drown the roots.

Summary: What to Do and What Not to Do

What to Do

• Water deeply in the early morning
• Check the soil before watering wilted plants
• Apply 3–4 inches of mulch
• Add afternoon shade using cloth or structures
• Group and shade containers
• Use ollas or watering spikes
• Mist leaves in the afternoon
• Focus on heat-tolerant plants
• Let areas rest with cover crops

What NOT to Do

• Don’t expect perfect harvests
• Don’t prune
• Don’t fertilize
• Don’t plant during extreme heat
• Don’t overwater wilted plants without checking the soil

After the Heatwave: Evaluate & Plan Ahead

Although it may feel endless, heat waves don’t last forever. Once temperatures return to normal, take a few minutes to assess how your garden handled the stress.

• Which plants thrived, and which struggled?
• Which parts of your yard or garden received too much sun or heat?
• Did your shade strategies and watering techniques work well?

Use what you learn to plan for next time.

Additional high-heat gardening resources:

• 10 Ways to Help Your Garden Survive Summer
• Adding Shade Cloth to a Hot Summer Garden
• 10 Ways to Prepare Your Hot-Climate Garden for Summer
• 10 Flowers that Love Hot Summers – and How to Grow Them
• Summer Gardening in Arizona
• Summer Gardening in a Hot Climate (Playlist on YouTube)
• Elevated Garden Bed Tips for Hot Climates

The post Gardening in Extreme Heat: What to Do During a Heatwave appeared first on Growing In The Garden.

The challenge with vegetable gardening in the low desert of Arizona comes when temperatures soar in the hot, dry summer months. It can be challenging, but don’t give up! It is possible to have a productive vegetable garden in hot climates like Arizona during the summer heat. Here are the essentials for summer gardening in Arizona and other hot climates.

Gardening in the low desert summer can be tough, but with the right strategies your plants can survive—and even thrive. My Desert Gardening page shares tips for creating shade, watering wisely, and choosing heat-tolerant vegetables, fruits, and herbs. With everything in one place, it’s your go-to resource for keeping the garden growing through the hottest months.

Article Index:

1. Plant Heat-Loving Varieties
2. Provide Shade
3. Water Correctly
4. Mulch
5. Adjust Expectations
6. Consider Taking the Summer Off

6 Tips for Summer Gardening in Arizona

1. Plant Heat-Loving Varieties for a Summer Vegetable Garden in the Low Desert of Arizona

When summer vegetable gardening in Arizona, choosing suitable vegetables and planting them at the correct time is a matter of life and death for the plants. Use this Arizona Vegetable Planting Guide. Select varieties that mature quickly.

A few vegetables survive and even thrive in our intense summers. Here are a few of my favorites:

• Asparagus beans thrive in the heat and produce all summer. Plant from March through the beginning of July in the low desert of Arizona. For more information about growing asparagus beans, read this post.
• Malabar Spinach. Plant from March through May in the low desert and harvest it all summer and fall. For more information about growing Malabar spinach, read this post.
• Armenian cucumbers are a long, slender fruit in the melon family that taste like a cucumber and look like a cucumber inside. Plant them in the low desert of Arizona from the end of February through the beginning of July. For more information about growing Armenian cucumbers, read this post.
• Sweet Potatoes grow best in hot weather—plant transplants or slips from the end of March through June in the low desert of Arizona. For more information about growing sweet potatoes, read this post.
• Other crops that grow well in a vegetable garden during the summer in Arizona are okra, basil, tepary beans, and melons, particularly desert-adapted varieties such as Chimayo melons.

June marks the start of summer gardening challenges. Here’s what to plant and harvest in June in Arizona to help your garden thrive.

Use this Arizona Vegetable Planting Calendar for a month-by-month guide to planting in the low desert.

Vegetable, Herb, and Fruit Planting Guide for the Low Desert of Arizona

The ultimate resource for gardeners in arid regions with hot summers and mild winters—designed specifically for the low desert of Arizona.
It features information on how and when to start seeds indoors and when to transplant them outside for nearly 100 different fruits, vegetables, and herbs.

See it in my shop

2. Provide Shade for Summer Vegetable Gardens in Arizona

The sun’s intense rays in the hottest months of the year are too much for most plants. Shade cloth, sunflowers, and vining plants can all be used to provide shade for tomatoes, bell peppers, newly-planted plants, and other plants that prefer shade when summer gardening in Arizona.

Wondering if your garden really needs shade? In Why Add Shade to Your Garden in Summer, I share how shade protects plants, conserves water, and extends your growing season.

Shade Cloth for Summer Gardening in Arizona

If you are growing a vegetable garden during the summer in Arizona and the garden area is in full sun, consider adding shade cloth. Don’t think of completely enclosing the garden, but providing some relief when the sun is at its highest. The area should receive some sun throughout the day. For example, attach shade cloth to existing trellises with zip ties.

Sunflowers Can Shade Arizona Summer Gardens

Add sunflowers around your garden to provide shade. Sunflowers are one of the easiest plants to grow from seed. Sunflowers grow quickly and, depending on the variety, can offer shade to surrounding plants. Plant sunflowers from February through July. Learn how to grow sunflowers in this guide.

Vining Plants Can Shade Arizona Summer Gardens

When growing a vegetable garden during the summer in Arizona, consider planting sun-loving vining vegetables (Armenian cucumbers, luffa, malabar spinach, etc.) purposely to provide shade for other plants that don’t tolerate full sun. Notice areas in your garden that could utilize plants as shade. For example, vining vegetables can be grown over artichoke crowns that go dormant during hot summers to protect them from intense heat that might damage the crowns.

Want more ideas for creating shade in your summer garden? This article shares more of my favorite tips. 

Not sure how much sun your veggies need? Check out this guide on Which Vegetables Need Shade (and Which Thrive in Full Sun) to help your garden thrive.

3. Water Arizona Summer Gardens Correctly

Watering summer vegetable gardens in Arizona correctly is the most critical care you can give your plants. Problems in the garden are often traced back to watering issues. 

Observing your plants and soil is the best way to determine how much you should water. There is no set time for everyone to water because many factors are involved (sun, shade, air temp, microclimate, age and size of the plant, etc.).

Principles to consider when watering:

• Water deep and wide enough to moisten the plant’s root system. Let the top inch of soil dry out before you water again.
• Monitor plants for signs of underwatering stress (leaf curl, wilted or dropped leaves, branch dieback) to help you determine how often to water. Plants require more water in dry, windy, and summer heat.
• Do not overwater. Plants that wilt in the afternoon but recover by morning suffer heat stress, not water stress. Take care to add more moisture so as not to cause root rot. Allow plants to develop some heat tolerance by not overwatering.
• Salt builds up in the soil where the watering level ends. Occasionally water deeply to flush the salts out of the root zone and ground.
• Water the soil not the plant. Avoid putting water on the leaves because of the salt content in our water.
• Water in the morning. Plants absorb moisture more effectively in the morning. 
• Some type of automatic watering system is best.  Try to be in the garden when the system is on so you can be aware of any issues. I use the watering grids from Garden in Minutes  (Use code Angela10 to save $10 off $100 or ANGELA to save 7% on any size order.)
• Consider adding ollas. Ollas are a form of plant irrigation that slowly provides water at the roots as the water seeps out of the terra cotta pot that is buried underground. You refill the olla as it empties.
• Get tips for the best way to water raised beds in this guide.

4. Mulch Summer Gardens in Arizona

Mulch, mulch, and mulch your vegetable garden during Arizona summers. Use compost, pine needles, or straw around your plants. Growing a vegetable garden during the summer in Arizona means adding mulch. Learn more about what to use for mulch in this guide.

Here are a few of the many reasons to mulch: 

• It insulates the soil and keeps the temperatures even.
• Mulching slows evaporation, allowing plants access to more water.
• Mulching keeps the soil from developing a hard crust that is difficult for irrigation to soak into.
• Weeds are less likely to sprout. When you mulch, your plants won’t compete with weeds for water and nutrients.
• As the mulch decomposes, it adds organic matter and nutrients to the soil.

5. Adjust Expectations for Summer Gardening in Arizona

• Understand your garden will probably not look its best in the summer heat.
• Be aware that pollen in pepper and tomato plants may not be viable when temperatures are over 100°F. The set fruit will continue to mature, but new fruit may not be produced.
• With intense heat, long days, and nights that don’t cool off, many plants go into summer dormancy. They focus on staying alive rather than growing.
• This is not the time to prune, trim, or over-fertilize.
• Stressed plants are more prone to pests and diseases. Monitor plants and consider pulling them if they become overwhelmed so the rest of the garden is not infected.
• Plants may emerge from dormancy during the monsoon season and more humid months of July and August.

New to gardening in the heat? Elevated Garden Bed Tips for Hot Climates is a great place to start if you’re working with a small space or just want an easier setup to manage.

6. Consider Taking the Summer Off When Gardening in Arizona

Growing a vegetable garden during the summer in Arizona is challenging. If you travel frequently, don’t like the planting options, or would rather not spend extra time outdoors during the hottest time of the year, here are some alternatives:

• Let the garden rest. Cover with a very thick (3-5 inch) layer of mulch and provide some irrigation. Do not let the soil dry out.
• Feed the soil with a cover crop. Learn more about cover crops in this article.
• “Solarize” your soil. Only do this if your soil has significant weed issues, diseases, or nematodes. Solarizing the soil uses the sun’s heat to kill the weed seeds, diseases, or nematodes lurking in the soil. Unfortunately, it also kills the beneficial microbes in the soil.            

A Basic Overview of Solarizing:

• Add manure into the soil & water well. 
• Cover with clear heavy plastic sheeting.
• Bury the edges of the plastic, or hold it down with rocks.
• Allow soil to “bake” in the sun for 6 weeks.
• Read this article from the Arizona Cooperative Extension office for more information about solarizing soil.

Looking for more information about gardening in Arizona?

• Monthly guides for what to do and plant each month of the year in the low desert.
• Seasonal tips for gardening in Arizona.
• Gardening classes focusing on successfully gardening in Arizona.
• If you would like to learn more about the principles of successful desert gardening, my guide, “Desert Gardening: How to Grow Vegetables in a Hot, Dry Climate,” may be helpful.

If this post about summer gardening in Arizona was helpful, please share it.

The post Summer Gardening in Arizona appeared first on Growing In The Garden.

Article Index:

1. Spend Time in Your Garden Each Day While Watering
2. Pay Attention to the Weather
3. Understand Your Plants’ Water Needs
4. Water Less Frequently but More Deeply
5. Water in the Morning
6. Provide Consistent Water
7. The Importance of Mulching
8. Know Your Soil Type and Its Watering Needs
9. Watering New Seeds and Seedlings vs. Established Plants
10. Key Takeaways

1. Spend Time in Your Garden Each Day While Watering

Being present in your garden during watering is essential. Regardless of your watering method, paying attention to your system while it’s operating helps you spot potential problems early.

• Check for Issues: Look out for dead batteries, broken timers, leaks in lines, over-watering, or under-watering.
• Prevent Waste: Identifying problems early prevents water wastage from flooding and ensures your plants’ health isn’t compromised.

If you use an automatic watering system, program it to run when you’re usually in the garden. This way, you can monitor its performance and make adjustments as needed.

2. Pay Attention to the Weather

Weather conditions significantly affect your garden’s watering needs.

• Dry, Windy, or Hot Conditions: Plants require more water during these times.
• Seasonal Adjustments: In hot areas like Arizona, raised-bed gardens often need watering every day during summer. In cooler seasons, watering 1-2 times per week may suffice.

The transition times can be tricky. You may want to manually control how often your garden gets watered as temperatures heat up in late spring and as they cool down in the fall. Check your soil before watering and gradually increase or decrease the frequency depending on the temperature and soil.

3. Understand Your Plants’ Water Needs

Adequate moisture is essential for healthy crops. “A healthy plant is composed of 75%-90% water, which is used for the plants’ vital functions, including photosynthesis, support, and transportation of nutrients and sugars to various parts of the plant.” (Arizona Master Gardener Manual, p.180)

Signs of Under-Watering

• Brown, dry leaf edges
• Slow growth
• Leaf curl
• Wilted or dropped leaves
• Branch dieback

Note: Plants that wilt in the afternoon but recover when the sun goes down suffer from heat stress, not water stress. They may not need additional water. Check the soil before adding more water.

Signs of Over-Watering

• Soft, rotten roots, or a rotten smell
• Constantly wet soil
• Light green or yellow new growth
• Leaf curl and drop

Avoid over-watering to help plants develop heat tolerance and prevent issues like root rot and leaf drop.

4. Water Less Frequently but More Deeply

It’s better to water your garden deeply and less often than to give it frequent shallow waterings. This encourages roots to grow deeper into the soil, making your plants stronger and more drought-resistant.

• Aim to moisten the soil to at least 12 inches (30 cm) deep.
• Figure out how long it takes to reach this depth—you might need to dig down and check.
• Use the “cycle and soak” method: water for a bit, let it soak in, then water again. This helps prevent runoff and ensures the water penetrates deeply.

Let the Soil Dry Between Waterings

Allow the top 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) of soil to dry out before watering again. Use a moisture meter or do the finger test: stick your finger into the soil up to the second knuckle. If the soil feels dry and doesn’t stick to your finger, it’s time to water.

Occasionally, water longer to flush out salts that can build up in the soil, especially in arid regions like Arizona.

5. Water in the Morning

Watering early in the day is beneficial because plants absorb moisture more effectively in the morning. Watering in the morning also prepares them for the heat of the day and reduces the risk of fungal diseases that can develop if plants stay wet overnight.

6. Provide Consistent Water

Consistency is key when watering raised beds. Inconsistent watering can stress plants, making them more susceptible to pests and diseases like blossom end rot. An automatic watering system can help ensure your garden is watered evenly and regularly.

• Timers can be easily adjusted for seasonal changes.
• Options include soaker hoses, sprinklers, and drip lines.
• Even a simple setup with a soaker hose connected to a timer can be effective.

I’ve found that Garden Grids from Garden in Minutes offer excellent coverage for raised beds. Use code Angela10 to save $10 off $100 or ANGELA to save 7% on any size order. They distribute water evenly and can be easily connected to a timer. You can learn more about them in this blog post.

Ollas for Containers

Ollas (pronounced “oy-yahs”) are a great option for container plants. These are unglazed clay pots buried in the soil that slowly release water directly to the roots. While not automatic, they provide consistent moisture and are easy to use. Learn more about using ollas in containers in this blog post. I use ollas from Growoya.

Having the right tools makes gardening easier and more enjoyable. On my favorite garden supplies page, you’ll find the products I trust for soil prep, watering, seed starting, and more. These are the same tools I use in my own garden.

7. The Importance of Mulching

Mulching is a simple way to conserve soil moisture and reduce how often you need to water.

• It reduces evaporation from the soil surface.
• It helps suppress weeds that compete for water.
• As organic mulch breaks down, it improves soil structure.

Materials like straw, wood chips, or shredded leaves work well in vegetable gardens. See my guide to using mulch here.

8. Know Your Soil Type and Its Watering Needs

Understanding your soil is crucial for effective watering.

• Sandy Soils: These drain quickly and may need more frequent watering.
• Clay Soils: They hold water longer but can become waterlogged if over-watered.
• Loamy Soils: This is the ideal mix, balancing drainage and moisture retention.

How to Identify Your Soil Type

Try the squeeze test by squeezing a handful of moist soil in your hand. Once you know your soil type, you can adjust your watering schedule accordingly.

• If it falls apart when you open your hand, it’s sandy soil.
• If it holds its shape and feels sticky, it’s clay soil.
• If it holds its shape but crumbles with slight pressure, it’s loamy soil.

9. Watering New Seeds and Seedlings vs. Established Plants

Different stages of plant growth require different watering approaches.

New Seeds and Seedlings

• Shallow Roots: Need the soil to remain consistently moist.
• Frequent, Light Watering: Prevents drying out, which can be fatal at this stage. Use a hose with a sprinkler attachment to water young seeds and seedlings more often if you have established plants and seedlings in the same bed.
• Close Monitoring: Check soil moisture regularly to ensure optimal conditions.

Established Plants

• Deeper Roots: Benefit from less frequent but deeper watering.
• Encourages Strong Root Growth: Deep watering promotes a robust and healthy root system.

10. Conclusion

Learning how to water your garden correctly may take time and trial and error. But getting it right is worth the time and effort.

Key Takeaways:

• Spend time in your garden to monitor and adjust your watering practices.
• Adjust the watering frequency based on weather and seasonal changes.
• Understand the specific water needs of your plants.
• Water deeply but less frequently to promote strong root systems.
• Water in the morning to maximize absorption and minimize disease.
• Use mulch and consider soil types to improve water retention.
• Provide consistent water, especially during critical growth stages.

Additional Watering Resources:

• Learn more about the best way to water raised beds in this blog post.
• For more on garden grids, visit Garden in Minutes.
• To learn more about using ollas, visit Growoya.

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Article Index:

• Why Consistent Watering is the Best Way to Water Raised Beds
• The Importance of Automatic Watering Systems in Dry Climates
• Choosing the Best Type of Automatic Watering System
• My Journey to Finding the Best Watering Method
• Discovering the Garden Grid from Garden In Minutes
• Why the Garden Grid from Garden In Minutes is the Best Choice
• Implementing Best Watering Practices
• The Best Way to Water Raised Bed Gardens

Why Consistent Watering is the Best Way to Water Raised Beds

Consistency is key in gardening. Inconsistent watering causes seeds and seedlings to dry out and die, stresses established plants, and invites pests and diseases. Especially in arid regions like the low desert of Arizona, where rainfall is scarce, consistent watering becomes even more critical. Regular moisture ensures optimal soil conditions, promoting deep roots and overall plant health.

The Importance of Automatic Watering Systems in Dry Climates

An automatic watering system is the best way to water raised bed gardens in areas with limited rainfall. It ensures that plants receive the right amount of water at the right time without waiting for a busy gardener. Missing even one watering session in a dry climate can kill many plants in your garden. Automatic systems help maintain consistent soil moisture levels, promote growth, and reduce stress (mine and the plants!).

Save Water and Money

Watering can be a significant expense, especially in dry regions. Automatic watering systems, particularly drip irrigation, deliver water directly to the plant roots, minimizing evaporation and runoff. This targeted approach conserves water, reduces utility bills, and supports sustainable gardening practices. Get more water-saving tips in this guide.

Choosing the Best Type of Automatic Watering System

Several options are available, but not all are equally effective for raised bed gardens.

• Soaker Hoses: These often get clogged, crack over time, and don’t distribute water evenly across the bed.
• Sprinklers: While easy to use, sprinklers wet the foliage, which can encourage and spread diseases. They also lead to excess evaporation and inefficient watering.
• Drip Lines: Standard drip irrigation systems can be messy and prone to damage. They may not stay in place and often require complex installation.

My Journey to Finding the Best Watering Method

I experimented with various drip irrigation systems but struggled to achieve even watering in the entire raised bed. Even after watering for a long time, there would be dry spots, while other areas had too much water. The components were expensive, and I often accidentally cut the drip lines while digging. Spaghetti-type drip lines were messy and didn’t always stay in place. Frustrated with these ineffective solutions, I wished there was a better way.

Discovering the Garden Grid from Garden In Minutes

When I first saw the Garden Grid on Instagram in 2017, I realized it solved two significant problems: my messy, ineffective drip lines and the need for grids for square-foot gardening. Previously, I used wood slats to divide my beds, which made amending the soil difficult. The Garden Grid was revolutionary. It provided:

• Even Water Distribution: Pre-drilled holes ensure consistent watering in every part of the bed.
• Simplified Square-Foot Gardening: The grid layout makes planting and organization simple.
• Easy Installation and Maintenance: The system is durable, and it’s easy to lift off the bed when adding compost or other soil amendments.

I added the first grid to my garden in 2017 and slowly incorporated them into my older beds. Any new beds I add now always include the Garden Grid. They’ve even started making garden beds that come with the grids, which is now all I use when I add new beds. Read this post to see if metal beds heat up more than wooden beds.

Exclusive Discount: Use code Angela10 to save $10 off $100 or ANGELA to save 7% on any size order.

Get Your Garden Grid™ Here

I also use the metal raised beds from Garden In Minutes®, which include the Garden Grid™.

Check Out the Metal Raised Beds Here

Why the Garden Grid from Garden In Minutes is the Best Choice

After experimenting with various drip line systems and trying to make my own watering grids (they wouldn’t lay flat and were crooked), the Garden Grid from Garden In Minutes stands out as the best way to water raised bed gardens. Here’s why:

1. Even and Efficient Water Distribution

Each grid has pre-drilled holes along the tubing, ensuring that every part of your raised bed receives water evenly. This eliminates dry spots and over-saturated areas. This is especially helpful for seed germination.

2. Easy Integration with Automatic Timers

Connecting the Garden Grids to an automatic timer is simple, allowing you to customize watering schedules based on your garden’s needs and weather conditions. You can see the video I did about adding the grids to my yard’s sprinkler system and Racchio timer here:

3. Quick and Tool-Free Installation

The grids come preassembled and can be installed in minutes without any tools. This simplicity makes it accessible for gardeners of all experience levels.

4. Ideal for Square-Foot Gardening

The Garden Grid divides your garden into evenly spaced square sections, perfect for practicing square-foot gardening. This method helps with plant organization and maximizes the use of space without the need for wood slats or other dividers. Learn more about square-foot gardening techniques in this guide.

5. Durable and Low Maintenance

Unlike traditional drip lines that can be easily damaged while digging or planting, the Garden Grid is sturdy and remains in place. It’s also easy to remove when you need to amend the soil.

6. Adjustable Water Flow

Adding a flow valve to each bed allows you to adjust the water flow into individual beds easily. This allows for customization based on water pressure and the specific water needs of different plants.

Implementing Best Watering Practices

To maximize the benefits of your automatic watering system:

• Monitor Soil Moisture: Even with an automatic system, regularly check soil moisture to ensure your plants get the right amount of water.
• Adjust for Weather Conditions: Modify your watering schedule based on rainfall and temperature changes to prevent overwatering or underwatering.
• Maintain Your System: Periodically inspect your drip lines or grids for clogs or damage to keep the system running efficiently. If a hole gets clogged, unclogging it with a push pin is easy.

The Best Way to Water Raised Bed Gardens

Investing in an automatic drip irrigation system like the Garden Grid is the best way to water raised bed gardens. It ensures consistent, efficient watering, leading to healthier plants and more bountiful harvests. Especially in arid regions like Arizona’s low desert, this approach saves water, reduces costs, and supports sustainable gardening.

Shop the Garden Grid™ at Garden In Minutes®

Save Now: Use code Angela10 to save $10 off $100 or ANGELA to save 7% on any size order.

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Article Outline:

Why Save Water?

1. Collect and Use Rainwater
2. Incorporate Swales and Berms in Your Yard
3. Mulch and Amend the Soil to Save Water in the Desert
4. Water Deeply, Less Often
5. Use Drip Irrigation to Save Water in Your Desert Garden
6. Create Microclimates and Group Plants According to Water Needs
7. Choose Drought-Tolerant Plants for Your Desert Garden
8. Eliminate Unused Grass to Conserve Water
9. Be Thoughtful About Summer Watering to Save Water
10. Water at the Right Time

Why Save Water?

• Environmental Sustainability – Water is scarce in desert regions and often comes from limited groundwater supplies. Reducing water usage contributes to the preservation of natural ecosystems.
• Financial Savings – Conserving water means lower water bills. 
• Resilience to Droughts – Desert climates are prone to droughts. Adopting water-saving techniques ensures that your garden can withstand dry spells.

If you would like to learn more about the principles of successful desert gardening, my guide, “Desert Gardening: How to Grow Vegetables in a Hot, Dry Climate,” may be helpful.

10 Water-Saving Tips for Desert Gardening:

1. Collect and Use Rainwater

Strategically place buckets, wagons, and garbage cans where they can collect water during a storm. Open up your compost bins during rainstorms. Be creative and find ways to use rainwater.

“A half an inch of rain will deliver more than a half a gallon per square foot of surface.” (Gardening With Less Water). Take advantage of that water by installing gutters and rain barrels. This water can be used to irrigate your plants. Harvesting rainwater helps your garden become more self-sufficient. Learn more in this blog post.

Consider installing more sophisticated rainwater harvesting systems equipped with pumps and filters to store larger volumes of rainwater for irrigation purposes.

This 1100-gallon rain barrel has an internal pump and filter connected to my drip system. When water is available, I use it to water my garden and yard. Additionally, If you can access flood irrigation, learn more about using irrigation water to water your garden in this blog post.

2. Incorporate Swales and Berms in Your Yard

Direct rainwater with gutters and then create swales (shallow ditches) and berms (mounds of soil) in your landscape to capture rainwater and direct it towards your plants, allowing it to soak into the soil rather than runoff.

Gutters on my house feed into PVC lines that direct rain runoff to various swales within berms in my yard near fruit trees. Rather than running down my driveway, the water seeps deep into the ground near the trees’ roots and encourages deep root growth.

3. Mulch and Amend the Soil to Save Water in the Desert

Apply organic mulch around plants and trees to reduce evaporation, suppress weeds, and retain soil moisture. Adding compost and organic matter enhances soil structure and water retention, improving plant health and reducing water requirements. Learn more about mulching in this blog post and how to compost in this blog post.

4. Water Deeply, Less Often

Watering plants deeply but less frequently encourages deeper root growth as the water penetrates further into the soil. This deep root growth enables plants to access moisture more effectively, reducing their dependence on frequent watering.

5. Use Drip Irrigation to Save Water in Your Desert Garden

Utilize drip irrigation systems with adjustable emitters to deliver water directly to the root zones of plants, minimizing water loss through evaporation and runoff. Plants can absorb more water, reducing overall water usage compared to less efficient methods like sprinklers or hand watering.

I use the garden grids from Garden in Minutes to water my raised beds. (Use code Angela10 to save $10 off $100 or ANGELA to save 7% on any size order.) For more tips on watering raised beds check out this guide.

More Water-Saving Tips for Desert Gardening

6. Create Microclimates and Group Plants According to Water Needs

Plants in microclimates or grouped areas can create a more humid and sheltered environment, which reduces evaporation. This means water stays in the soil longer, benefiting the plants and minimizing the need for frequent watering.

Group plants with similar water requirements together to optimize irrigation efficiency and avoid overwatering. By grouping plants with similar water needs, you can water them appropriately without overwatering or underwatering. This targeted approach ensures that each plant receives the right amount of water, reducing overall water consumption.

7. Choose Drought-Tolerant Plants for Your Desert Garden

Opt for native or drought-resistant plant species that are well-suited to the local climate and require less water once established. For ideas for desert-adapted plants that require less water, check this guide, Landscape Plants for the Arizona Desert.

8. Eliminate Unused Grass to Conserve Water

Grass lawns typically require frequent watering to stay green and healthy. Learn more about Kurapia, a low-water lawn alternative that grows well in desert climates, in this guide.

By removing unused grass areas and replacing them with drought-tolerant landscaping options such as native plants or low-water-use ground covers, you significantly reduce the water needed for irrigation. Learn more in this blog post.

9. Be Thoughtful About Summer Watering to Save Water

Consider putting small containers away during the summer; they require frequent watering and dry out quickly. Add low-water-use cover crops to beds to cover the soil, reduce evaporation, and keep the soil alive rather than high-water-use plants that may struggle. Use tools like a moisture meter or a soil probe to assess when plants need water, preventing both underwatering and unnecessary watering.

Learn more tips for effective watering strategies during the summer in this blog post.

10. Water at the Right Time

Water your garden in the morning or the evening when temperatures are cooler to reduce evaporation losses. Avoid watering during windy conditions, leading to uneven water distribution and further evaporation. The best time to water is when the plants are most likely to absorb the water, usually in the early morning or late evening.

In conclusion, practicing water conservation in desert gardening isn’t just about saving water—it’s about creating a sustainable and resilient garden that thrives in harmony with its environment. Implementing these water-saving tips for desert gardening reduces your ecological footprint and enhances your garden’s beauty and productivity. Let’s work together to ensure that our gardens flourish while respecting the limited water resources of our desert landscapes.

Remember, every drop counts!

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For more ideas on how to water raised beds, check out this guide.

After the initial effort and investment, it is a low-cost solution for watering your garden. Not only does this method avoid the chemicals associated with treated water, but it is also much less expensive for the home gardener. Let’s dive into how to water your garden and yard using flood irrigation.

What is flood irrigation?

Flood irrigation is a system that captures and uses excess water from rainfall or snowmelt and provides a natural, chemical-free water source for your plants.

In the Phoenix Valley, most irrigation water originates from SRP’s 13,000-square-mile watershed. It channels melted snow and rain into the Verde and Salt rivers. SRP then routes the irrigation water to the customer through lakes, dams, canals, and laterals.¹

Homeowners in flood-irrigated areas have access to irrigation runs every 13 days with a dry-up period (for canal repairs) during the winter. The average cost for irrigation water is $6.80 per hour.

According to AMWUA, ”about 22,000 homeowners receive flood irrigation or about 5 percent of SRP lands.”²

My property does not have flood irrigation (I wish it did!), but my neighbor Larry Burnett‘s property does. I’m sharing the method he developed to use flood irrigation to water his garden.

Larry cleared the use of this method for his property with the Roosevelt Water Conservation District. Check with local authorities to ensure you comply with local laws or water regulations. 

What are the benefits of flood-irrigated water? 

Flood irrigation offers a cost-effective, untreated water source rich in nutrients that promotes robust root systems by storing water deeper in the soil, reducing the need for frequent watering and saline buildup. This method helps protect vegetation from drought and significantly reduces water evaporation compared to traditional sprinklers.¹

What are the challenges of using flood irrigation to water your garden? 

• Gardens often need watering more often than every 13 days. 
• You need more control over the amount of water than flooding with irrigated water offers. 
• Flood irrigation relies on gravity, so water can’t reach raised beds or other elevated areas. 

How to water your garden and landscape plants with flood irrigation

1. Install a storage tank (or multiple tanks, depending on your water needs) and an internal pump 

Select a tank (or tanks) based on your water needs. Check your water bill to get an idea of your outdoor landscape usage. Choose a location close to your sprinkler system if possible. Tanks should be opaque to prevent algae growth.

Install an internal pump (you’ll need to add electricity) to the tank. The pump will provide the water pressure to the drip lines.

Each tank needs:

• Electrical line (to run the pump)
• City water line
• Sprinkler line
• 2-inch PVC hose connection
• Overflow
• Drain

2. Connect the tank to your sprinkler system and city water

Connect the tank and irrigation water to the existing sprinkler system. The tank then becomes an additional source, along with the city water for the sprinkler system.

Connect the tank to the incoming city water. This allows you to fill the tank with city water if needed. Install a switch on the line to your sprinkler system to enable switching between city water and irrigation water.

3. Fill the tank each time you have irrigation 

When it’s your turn for irrigation, use an external pump to fill the tank.

• Attach the pump’s hose to the irrigation source.
• Run the 2-inch PVC discharge hose from the pump to your water storage tank.
• Attach the hose to your tank.
• Turn on the pump and fill up the tank. 

A pump and 2-inch line allow Larry to fill his tank in 20-30 minutes during his regular irrigation runs.  

Larry also suggests running your sprinklers and drips during the time you have irrigation while you are filling up your tank. This takes full advantage of water coming into your yard during your irrigation slot.

4. Use water from the tank to water your yard and garden

The internal pump provides the water pressure (especially as the tank empties) for the drip lines. It may take some experimentation to figure out the correct water pressure.

Ideally, your water pressure using the tank / or incoming city water is the same. If the pressure is different, your watering times will vary based on which water source you are using.

Adjust your valves as needed so you know how much water you use and how long it takes to water your garden and drip system. 

 5. Switch to city water as needed if the tank empties

If you run out of stored flood irrigation water, switch back to using city water.

Look at ways to lower your water usage or install an additional tank if you run out and use city water between each irrigation cycle.

Thank you to Larry Burnett for contributing to this post. 

Larry Burnett is a retired Administrator from Banner Health and a Partner from KPMG. Larry has lived in Arizona since 1984 and gardened here extensively. 

He is a Master Gardener through the University of Arizona and a mentor for Master Gardener students. His favorite time of the day is when he is outside in his greenhouse, garden, and flower beds.

If this post about how to water your garden with flood irrigation was helpful, please share it:

Sources:

1. https://blog.srpnet.com/managing-flood-irrigation/
2. https://www.amwua.org/blog/why-are-we-still-using-flood-irrigation-in-the-desert

Resources:

• Tank-N-Barrell 1750 gallon tank
• Harbor Freight: Predator 6.5 hp, 212cc gasoline engine and 2-inch hose system
• DAB Tanks: Internal pump for the tank – There are various options and capabilities based on individual needs.

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The best way to water containers

Problems with containers

• It isn’t easy to run drip lines to pots. In addition, the drip lines are often unsightly. 
• Containers on drip irrigation need their own timer because they must be watered more frequently than plants in the ground.
• Containers dry out quickly and need to be watered often. For example, in hot, dry places like where I live in Arizona, containers dry out very quickly during the summer and may need to be watered twice a day. If you’re using containers in a hot climate, Elevated Garden Bed Tips for Hot Climates shares strategies to help your garden thrive when temperatures soar.

• Hanging baskets need to be watered twice a day to keep plants from dying in the hottest months of the year in Arizona.
• Hand watering containers is time-consuming (especially if you have to do it more than once a day!).
• Watering just the top of the outdoor potted plants isn’t effective, but watering until water runs out the bottom can waste water.
• If containers are only watered shallowly, the water doesn’t get to the roots.
• Finally, potting soil often becomes hydrophobic and does not absorb water. Instead, the water passes through the container and out the drain hole. The soil in containers with an olla is less likely to dry out and become hydrophobic.

What is an olla?

Ollas are terracotta pots you bury in your garden or container and fill with water. The porous nature of the terra cotta allows the water inside to seep out slowly to water plants at the roots. 

I use ollas from Growoya. I’ve used them in different areas around my garden and have found them the best way to water outdoor potted plants. If you would like more information about using ollas, check out their website.

The best way to water outdoor potted plants is by using ollas

For example, I planted this container in Arizona at the beginning of July. It gets full sun. I refill the ollas 2-3 times per week, and the plants are thriving, even though I planted them during the hottest month of the year. 

Why are ollas the best way to water containers?

• Ollas do not need water lines going to or from the plants.
• The plants’ roots draw water as needed from the ollas. 
• Refill ollas as often as needed. Ollas must be refilled more often in warm, windy, and/or dry weather — less often in humid or cool weather.
• Using ollas prevents water loss by over-watering the pots. Fill the olla to the top rather than flooding the plant until water is lost in the drain hole.

• Refilling ollas is easy. It’s an excellent job for kids to do in the garden. When the olla is full, stop watering. This takes the guesswork out of wondering how much to water.
• Using an olla allows the potting soil to absorb the water slowly, rather than passing through the soil quickly to the drainage hole. As a result, the roots retain more moisture.

Things to keep in mind when using ollas to water outdoor potted plants

• During the summer here in Arizona, I refill my ollas every other day or sometimes every day. As the humidity increases and temperatures drop, I fill them less frequently.
• During the winter, I fill them once every week (or less).
• Because wind is very drying for plants if it is windy, check your plants more often to ensure they are watered enough.

• The type of container or pot used will also determine how often to water pots. If using terracotta, clay, or other porous pots, they dry out more quickly, and the ollas need to be filled more often. Metal, glazed, and other non-porous containers do not dry out as quickly.
• Be sure to use the correct size olla for the container. Ollas come in several sizes. So a very large container will need a large size olla or several small ones.

• Keep the lids on the ollas because standing uncovered water is a breeding ground for mosquitoes.
• Use mulch (compost, bark, rocks) to slow container evaporation.

SPECIAL NOTE: If you live where there are freezing temperatures, take the ollas out of the garden and bring your ollas indoors during the coldest months of the year.

Use ollas to keep hanging baskets from drying out

• When using an olla in a hanging basket, consider using a liner that also retains moisture. 
• Hanging baskets are heavier with a filled olla inside – make sure the plant hanger can support the additional weight.

Directions for using an olla in a hanging basket:

• Place the coconut coir liner in the basket.
• Add olla.
• Fill the hanging basket about half full with potting soil.
• Add plants.
• Fill in the rest of the hanging basket with potting soil to the level of the coir liner.
• Hang the basket on the hook.
• Fill olla with water.

This hanging basket was planted with an olla inside at the beginning of July. I refill the olla with water each morning. It gets full sun and yet the plants are thriving. 

Want to give ollas a try?

I’m using ollas from Growoya. I’ve used them in different areas around my garden and have found them the best way to water outdoor potted plants. If you would like more information about using ollas, check out their website.

My container gardening resources:

For more resources, I have several videos and blog posts that provide step-by-step guides, tips, and tricks for successful container gardening.

• Container Gardening for Beginners: 10 Steps for Success
• 20 Best Vegetables for Container Gardening
• Gardening in Grow Bags: 5 Tips for Success
• The Best Way to Water Containers
• Container Gardening Playlist on YouTube

If you enjoy container gardening, you’ll love the benefits of elevated beds—check out my guide, How to Grow in Elevated Garden Beds, to learn how to get started

Looking for more small space gardening ideas? Don’t miss my post on GreenStalk Gardening Tips, where I share what’s worked (and what hasn’t) in my Arizona garden.

To learn more about gardening in containers, read my book on this topic. Learn more about the book “How to Grow Your Own Food: A Beginner’s Guide to Container Gardening” in this post or purchase the book here.

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